Temple of Literature, Hanoi, Vietnam

The Temple of Literature is Vietnam’s first national university, founded in 1070 by Emperor Ly Thanh Tong to honor Confucius and educate the country’s future bureaucrats. More than just a historical site, it also holds deep cultural value, and today, many students visit to seek good luck before exams. The calligraphy selection inside the main hall are well-worth the visit.

Temple Of Literature

• Location: 58 Quốc Tử Giám, Văn Miếu, Đống Đa, Hanoi
• Opening Hours: Daily from 08:00 to 17:00
• Entrance Fee:
• Adults: 70,000 VND (USD ~3)
  Students: 35,000 VND (must show valid student ID) (USD~ 1.5)
• Dress Code: Avoid tank tops and miniskirts. Remove your hat when entering the sanctuary area to show respect.

Temple of literature Tourist information

For travelers exploring Hanoi, the Temple of Literature is a must-visit cultural landmark rich in heritage and symbolism. Established nearly a millennium ago, it once served as Vietnam’s imperial academy—an elite school for royal scholars. Today, this well-preserved complex offers a serene escape with tree-lined courtyards, traditional architecture, and ancient stone stelae honoring past scholars. As a highlight in any Vietnam travel guide, the site beautifully reflects the country’s deep respect for learning, culture, and Confucian ideals.

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History of the temple

Founded during the reign of Emperor Ly Thanh Tong (over 1000 years ago), the Temple was originally dedicated to Confucius, sages, and scholars. Just six years later, in 1076, it became Vietnam’s first university, Quoc Tu Giam, where the sons of mandarins and the elite were educated.

Over the centuries, the temple has been renovated several times, yet it still preserves the spirit of Vietnam’s dedication to learning and respect for knowledge. It served as a center of Confucian learning for nearly 700 years and produced many of the nation’s most respected scholars, including those who passed the royal examinations.

Today, the site is both a historical monument and a symbol of education, especially celebrated by students preparing for exams or graduation.

Architecture Highlights of Temple of literature (Văn Miếu)

The Temple is built inside a large courtyard covering different temples which was used as the pavilion and is divided into five distinct courtyards, each with its architectural features and symbolic meanings. The entire complex reflects the harmony of traditional Vietnamese design principles: peaceful, symmetrical, and spiritual.

1. The Great Middle Gate – The 1st Courtyard

As you enter through the grand Van Mieu Gate, you step into the first courtyard, known as the Great Middle Gate. This entrance marks the transition from the outside world into a sacred space dedicated to intellectual pursuit. The path is flanked by lush gardens and old trees, offering a serene atmosphere that immediately transports visitors to a quieter time. The red-tiled roofs and solid stone walls stand tall, evoking the grandeur of a royal academy.

2. The Pavilion of Constellation – The 2nd Courtyard

Crossing the first courtyard, you’ll arrive at the Pavilion of Constellation of Literature, or “Khue Van Cac”, an iconic symbol of Hanoi. Built in 1805, the two-story structure is supported by four stone pillars and features wooden windows shaped like suns, symbolizing light and knowledge. This pavilion represents the shining beauty of literature and the Confucian aspiration for wisdom. It’s also one of the most photographed landmarks in the city and often appears in local art and souvenirs.

3. The Well of Heavenly Clarity – The 3rd Courtyard

This courtyard is home to the Well of Heavenly Clarity, a square-shaped pond symbolizing purity and intellect. On either side of the well stand rows of stone stelae mounted on the backs of stone turtles, sacred animals representing wisdom and longevity. These stelae are engraved with the names and birthplaces of scholars who passed the royal exams from 1442 to 1779. The space encourages reflection and respect for academic achievements.

4. The Gate to Great Success – The 4th Courtyard

The fourth courtyard is where worship and ceremony take center stage. Here lies the main temple dedicated to Confucius, featuring altars, incense burners, and sacred tablets. Visitors often pause to light incense and offer prayers for academic success. The surrounding halls also honor Confucius’ disciples and prominent Vietnamese scholars. This part of the temple feels more spiritual and reverent, inviting quiet contemplation.

5. The Grounds of Imperial Academy – The 5th Courtyard

The last courtyard houses the former Imperial Academy, rebuilt in 2000 to resemble its original form. Inside, visitors can view exhibits of old teaching materials, uniforms, and traditional Vietnamese educational tools. The structure offers insight into the learning environment of the past, showing how elite students once studied Confucian classics and prepared for the demanding royal examinations. This space emphasizes how education was both a privilege and a sacred duty.

What to See Inside the Temple of Literature

A visit to the Temple of Literature takes about an hour or more. Start at the main entrance and walk through its five pavilions, each with unique architecture and meaning. Take time to admire the calligraphy displays and explore the courtyards, stone stelae, and altars. Seeing this historic monument helps you understand Vietnamese culture, tradition, and the early foundations of the country’s education system.

1. “Xin chữ” – A practice of spiritual and cultural activity

One of the most beautiful traditions associated with the Temple of Literature is “xin chữ”, the practice of requesting meaningful calligraphy characters. Especially popular during the Lunar New Year, visitors come to ask for words like “Peace,” “Wisdom,” or “Success,” which are believed to bring good fortune. Elder scholars, dressed in traditional áo dài, write these characters on red paper with brush and ink, creating personalized blessings full of symbolic power. It’s a tradition rooted in Confucian values and deeply respected by Vietnamese people.

2. Spend time to learn about the characters in the Temple

As you begin visiting the temple, you’ll encounter statues and memorials of key historical figures. Confucius himself is the central figure, but Vietnamese scholars such as Chu Van An, a revered teacher who served during the Tran Dynasty, are also honored. These figures embody the spirit of integrity, diligence, and moral clarity that Vietnamese education once aspired to. Many students visit to pay their respects and draw inspiration from these legendary educators.

3. Try the calligraphy

For a more interactive experience, visitors can try writing calligraphy using traditional brushes and ink. Some exhibitions and workshops allow tourists to engage hands-on with this ancient art. It’s not just a fun activity, it’s a meaningful way to connect with the intellectual and artistic practices that shaped Vietnam’s history. Even a few simple strokes can leave a deep impression when done with focus and intent.

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Nearby Places to Visit After the Temple of Literature

Once you explore the Temple of Literature, walk around the area to discover other great spots in Hanoi. Nearby landmarks like Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, One Pillar Pagoda, and the Fine Arts Museum offer more chances to learn about Vietnam’s history, culture, and architecture.

Hoan Kiem Lake

Just a short 5 minutes drive or a scenic walk away, Hoan Kiem Lake is the cultural heart of Hanoi. With its tree-lined promenade, the iconic Turtle Tower, and the red-painted Huc Bridge leading to Ngoc Son Temple, it’s a perfect place for a relaxing stroll or a cup of Vietnamese coffee by the water.

Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

A UNESCO World Heritage site, the Imperial Citadel is just a few minutes from the Temple of Literature. This ancient complex offers a deep dive into the political and military history of Hanoi, with remnants dating back over a thousand years.

Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum

For a more recent chapter of Vietnamese history, head to Ba Dinh Square to visit the Mausoleum of Ho Chi Minh. The site is solemn and powerful, offering a glimpse into the legacy of the revolutionary leader who shaped modern Vietnam.

Hoa Lo Prison

Also known as the “Hanoi Hilton” during the war, Hoa Lo Prison Museum tells a haunting yet important story about colonial resistance and wartime hardship. The exhibitions are well-curated and emotional, providing context to Vietnam’s 20th-century struggles.

St. Joseph’s Cathedral, Hanoi

Located near Hoan Kiem Lake, this stunning neo-Gothic cathedral is a French colonial relic and one of the most beautiful churches in Vietnam. With its tall towers and stained-glass windows, it’s a peaceful stop in the heart of the city.

The opera house

The Hanoi Opera House is a beautiful French-style building and one of the city’s top cultural spots. You can reach it in just 5 minutes by taxi or enjoy a 15-minute walk from the Temple of Literature. The Opera House often hosts concerts, shows, and traditional performances, giving visitors a taste of Vietnam’s rich art scene. Its grand design and lively events make it a must-see on your Hanoi trip.

Is temple of literature in hanoi worth visiting

Yes, it’s definitely worth a visit. The Temple of Literature is a must-see in Hanoi for culture, history, and education lovers. It has a cheap entry fee, peaceful courtyards, and strong ties to Confucian values. You can easily walk there and combine your visit with nearby attractions. This site shows Vietnam’s deep respect for learning, tradition, and moral values. It’s an essential stop for anyone who wants to connect with the soul of the capital.